Perioperative outcomes refer to the results and events that occur during and immediately after a surgical procedure or other medical intervention. This research area focuses on studying and evaluating various factors that can impact the outcomes of surgeries, such as patient characteristics, surgical techniques, pre-operative preparation, and post-operative care. The goal of studying perioperative outcomes is to improve patient safety, reduce complications, and enhance overall surgical outcomes. Researchers in this field may analyze data from clinical trials, review medical records, and conduct observational studies to identify trends and factors that influence perioperative outcomes.